When going to the doctor, most people will have blood tests done to detect many other dangerous diseases. If you don’t know how to read specific blood test results, you can follow hahuytap.edu.vn’s information below. This makes it easier for people to be more proactive in situations.
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What is a blood test?
Blood testing is the process of examining and analyzing the components, characteristics and functions of a blood sample to evaluate health and diagnose diseases. Through blood tests, important parameters and indicators are measured and evaluated, including:
Red blood cell count: A blood test can determine the number of red blood cells in a blood sample. An abnormal number of red blood cells may indicate problems such as anemia, blood diseases, or other disorders.
White blood cell count: Blood tests can measure white blood cell count, including white blood cell types such as total white blood cells, lymphoid cells, and granulocytes. Abnormal white blood cell counts can be a sign of infection, inflammation, or other conditions.
Leukocyte analysis: Blood tests can analyze types of white blood cells by percentage and evaluate the immune function of the body’s system.
Platelet count and ratio: Blood tests can measure platelet count and ratio, which is one of the important indicators to evaluate kidney function.
Hemoglobin level: A blood test can measure the amount of hemoglobin, a substance found in red blood cells that helps transport oxygen in the body. Abnormal hemoglobin levels can be a sign of anemia.
Blood clotting time: Blood tests can measure blood clotting time to check the function of the blood clotting system in the body.
Chemical indicators: Blood tests can also measure chemical indicators such as blood sugar levels, cholesterol, liver function, kidney function and other indicators to evaluate overall health.
The most accurate way to read blood test results
To read the most accurate blood test results, pay attention to the following units and indicators:
Glu (Glucose): Sugar in the blood
| Glu (Glucose) | The reference range is from 4.1 – 5.9 mmol/l. |
As a result, there will be 2 cases:
– If it is outside the allowable reference range: It means you have hypoglycemia.
– If it increases beyond the allowable reference range: It means you are at risk of diabetes or glucose tolerance/metabolism disorder.
SGOT & SGPT: Liver enzyme group
| SGOT & SGPT: Liver enzyme group | Normal ranges are 9.0 – 48.0 for SGOT and 5.0 – 49.0 for SGPT. |
As you know, the liver has an important function in detoxifying the body’s organs. When receiving results, there will be 2 possibilities:
– If the enzyme index increases, it can be a sign of liver cell damage due to inflammation, fibrosis, cancer, etc.
– If the enzyme index decreases, it can be a warning sign of diabetes, pregnancy, Beriberi, etc.
When this limit is exceeded, liver function is impaired. Therefore, you should control foods and drinks that are difficult for the liver to absorb, alcohol, etc.
Blood fat group: Cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C)
| – Reference range of blood cholesterol <5.2 mmol/l (for adults) and <4.4.2 mmol/l (for children). |
| – The reference range of blood triglycerides is <1.7 mmol/l |
| – Reference range of HDL-Cholesterol 1.03 – 1.55 mmol/l |
| – The reference range of LDL-Cholesterol is ≤ 3.4 mmol/l |
When you receive results that are outside the reference range above, it means you have a high risk of heart disease and blood pressure.
– With HDL-Cholesterol test: It is believed to reflect cholesterol transport from atherosclerotic plaques.
– With LDL-Cholesterol test: It reflects bad cholesterol because LDL cholesterol increases in the blood leading to deposition in blood vessel walls, causing atherosclerotic plaques. This leads to dangerous and life-threatening diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke, etc.
GGT: Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
| GGT: Gamma Glutamyl Transferase | Reference range of GGT in blood: from 0-55 U/L. |
GGT is an enzyme that plays a role in metabolizing amino acids and regulating the amount of glutathione in the body. This is also the first enzyme affected when diseases occur in the liver and biliary tract. GGT testing helps rule out some hepatobiliary diseases.
Urea (Blood Urea)
| Urea (Blood Urea) | The reference range of blood urea is: 2.5 – 7.5 mmol/l. |
Urea is synthesized in the liver in the Krebs cycle and is the most important product of nitrogen metabolism. Blood urea concentration depends on three factors: kidney function, electrolyte balance and endogenous protein catabolism.
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) is the nitrogen portion of urea with a reference range of 8 – 24 mg/dL equivalent to 2.86 – 8.57 mmol/L (men) and 6 – 21 mg/dl equivalent to 2.14 – 7.50 mmol/L for women.
Cre (Creatinine)
| Cre (Creatinine) | Reference range of blood creatinine:
Men from 74 – 120, women from 53 – 100 (umol/l). |
Cre is an excretion product of creatine phosphate degradation in muscle, the amount formed depends on muscle mass, this substance is returned to the circulation. In the kidney, Cre is filtered through the glomerulus and is not reabsorbed by the renal tubules and is excreted in the urine. Therefore, the cre component is the most stable protein component regardless of diet and reflects the patient’s kidney function.
– If blood Cre increases in: Easily causes kidney disease, heart failure, diabetes,…
– If blood Cre decreases in: Pregnant women, eclampsia, malnutrition, etc.
Uric (Uric Acid)
| Uric (Uric Acid) | Reference range of blood uric acid:
Men from 180 – 420, women from 150 – 360 (umol/l). |
Uric is a product of purine base metabolism of nucleic acids, eliminated mainly through urine and a small part through the digestive tract.
– If uric acid in the blood increases: Can warn of diseases such as obesity, hydrops, psoriasis, kidney failure, etc.
– If blood uric acid decreases: Can warn of diseases such as Wilson’s disease, antidiuretic hormone syndrome, Falconi syndrome,…
Immune results
– Anti-HBs test
The Anti-HBs test checks the body’s immunity to the hepatitis virus, determining the level of antibodies against the hepatitis B virus. Please note:
- If you have been vaccinated against hepatitis B or have been infected with the hepatitis B virus and recovered, your body will produce hepatitis B antibodies against the virus and the anti-HBs test will show a positive result.
- If hepatitis B antibodies are strong (100-1000 UI/ml), there is no need to worry about disease prevention. But if the antibodies are weak (0-10 UI/ml), the possibility of hepatitis B is very high.
– HBsAg
Hepatitis B surface Antigen is the surface antigen of virus B. The results will tell you whether you are infected with virus B or not. The reference range for this test in the blood is negative.
Red blood cell count (RBC)
| Red blood cell count (RBC) | The normal state in men is 4.2 – 5.4 Tera/L and in women is 4.0 – 4.9 Tera/L. |
When receiving results, several situations may occur:
– If the number of red blood cells increases: Due to dehydration and erythrocytosis.
– If the number of red blood cells decreases: Due to anemia.
Amount of hemoglobin (Hb)
| Amount of hemoglobin (Hb) | The normal index in men is 130 – 160 g/L and in women is 125 – 142 g/L. |
When receiving results, several situations may occur:
– If Hemoglobin increases in: Due to dehydration, heart disease, lung disease.
– If hemoglobin decreases in: Due to anemia, bleeding, reactions causing hemolysis.
Red blood cell mass (HCT)
| Red blood cell mass (HCT) | Normal index in men is 42 – 47% and in women is 37 – 42% |
When receiving results, several situations may occur:
– If Hematocrit increases in: Could be chronic lung disease, coronary artery disease, reduced blood flow…
– If Hematocrit decreases during: It may be due to blood loss, anemia, or pregnancy.
Mean RBC Volume (MCV)
| Mean RBC Volume (MCV) | (MCV) normal is: 85 – 95 fL (1 fL = 10 – 15 L) |
When receiving results, several situations may occur:
– Large red blood cell volume: May be due to vitamin B12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency, liver disease, erythrocytosis, hypothyroidism, etc.
– Small red blood cell volume: May be due to iron deficiency, thalassemia syndrome, red blood cell anemia, chronic kidney failure, etc.
Mean red blood cell Hb (MCH)
| Mean red blood cell Hb (MCH) | Normal MCH is 26 – 32 pg (1 pg = 10 – 12 g) |
When receiving results, several situations may occur:
– If MCH increases in: May be due to anemia, severe hereditary round cell disease, etc.
– If MHC is reduced in: May be due to iron deficiency anemia,…
Mean red blood cell Hb concentration (MCHC)
| Mean red blood cell Hb concentration (MCHC) | Normal MCHC is 32 – 36 g/dL |
When receiving results, several situations may occur:
– If MCHC increases in: May be due to severe hereditary round cell disease, presence of cold agglutinin factors.
– If MCHC decreases in: May be anemia due to decreased folate or vitamin B12, cirrhosis, etc.
White blood cell count per blood volume (WBC)
| White blood cell count per blood volume (WBC) | Normal value: 4.0 to 10.0 G/L. |
When receiving results, several situations may occur:
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– If the number of white blood cells increases in: It may be due to infection, malignant blood disease, leukemia, etc.
– If the number of white blood cells decreases in: It may be due to hypoplasia, bone marrow failure, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, infection, etc.
Neutrophils (NEUT)
| Neutrophils (NEUT) | Normal value 42.8 – 75.8 % (1.5 – 7.5G/L) |
When receiving results, several situations may occur:
– If neutrophils are high in: Could be due to acute infection, acute myocardial infarction, stress,…
– If neutrophils decrease in: Can be due to viral infection, hypoplasia or marrow failure, immunosuppressive drugs, radiotherapy, etc.
Lymphocytes (LYM)
| Lymphocytes (LYM) | Normal value: 16.8 – 45.3% (0.9 – 2.9 G/L). |
When receiving results, several situations may occur:
– If lymphocytes increase in: Could be due to tuberculosis, chronic bacterial infection, virus, etc.
– If lymphocytes decrease in: May be due to decreased immunity, HIV/AIDS infection, bone marrow suppression due to chemotherapy, cancer, etc.
Mono Leukocytes
| Mono Leukocytes | Normal value: 4.7 – 12 % (0.3 – 0.9 G/l) |
When receiving results, several situations may occur:
– If Mono white blood cells increase in: It may be due to viral infection, mono leukemia, myelodysplasia, etc.
– If Mono white blood cells decrease in: Could be due to bone marrow failure, cancer, etc.
Eosinophil segment (EOS)
| Eosinophil segment (EOS) | Normal value: 0.4 – 8.4% (0.03 – 0.5 G/L) |
– If eosinophils increase: Could be due to allergies, parasitic infections, etc.
Basophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (BASO)
| Basophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (BASO) | Normal value: 0.3 – 1.2% (0.01 – 0.07 G/l) |
If this basophil polymorphonuclear leukocyte value increases: May have allergies, leukemia or hypothyroidism.
Number of platelets per volume of blood (PLT)
| Number of platelets per volume of blood (PLT) | Normal value: 150 – 350G/L. |
– Platelets play a vital role in the blood clotting process, with an average lifespan of 5-9 days.
– If platelets are too high: Blood clots can form, causing stroke, heart attack, blood vessel blockage, etc.
– If platelets are too low: Can cause bleeding.
Platelet distribution (PDW)
| Platelet distribution (PDW) | Normal value: 6 – 11%. |
When receiving results, several situations may occur:
– When platelet distribution increases: May cause sickle cell disease, gram-positive and gram-negative sepsis.
– When platelet distribution decreases: May be due to alcoholism.
Mean platelet volume (MPV)
| Mean platelet volume (MPV) | Normal value: 6.5 – 11fL. |
When receiving results, several situations may occur:
– If the average platelet volume (MPV) increases: Could be diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stress,…
– If the mean platelet volume (MPV) decreases: Could be due to megaloblastic anemia, cancer chemotherapy, acute leukemia…
Be careful when testing blood
– Prepare yourself mentally and comfortably before the blood test.
– If after taking blood you feel dizzy, tell your doctor or testing staff immediately so they can help.
– After the test, there is usually a small bruise due to the needle being inserted. However, it will fade after that.
So you have learned how to read specific blood test results. Hopefully this information helps people understand their own health status, plan appropriate meals and exercise.
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